Textbooks and Reading
There are no recommended text books for this module, but students are advised to read the articles
provided in the Book of Readings. Some relevant references follow.
Introduction
• AIHW (1998) Rural and remote populations Pp 40-45 in Australia’s Health 1998; The Sixth Biennial Health Report of the AIHW, Cat No AUS 10 Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
• Bourke, L , Sheridan, C , Russell, U Jones, G , DeWitt, D and Liaw, S T (2004) Developing a Conceptual Understanding of Rural Health Practice Australian Journal of Rural Health 12:181-186
• Canter, R (2001) Patients and medical power British Medical Journal 323(25 Aug): 414
• Kelly, K(2000) the challenge of adapting to remote practice Chapter 3 in Avoiding Burnout in Remote Areas: Surviving the Day-to-day Hassles Alice Springs, NT: CRANA (pp 20-33)
• Dixon, J and Welch, N (2000) Researching the rural-metropolitan health differential using the ‘social determinants of health’ Australian Journal of Rural Health 8: 254-60
• Elliot-Schmidt, R and Strong, J (1997) The concept of well-being in a rural health setting: Understanding health and well-being Australian Journal of Rural Health 5: 59-63
• Humphreys, J S (1999) Rural health status: What do statistics show that we don’t already know? Australian Journal of Rural Health 7: 60-3
• Humphreys, J S (2002) Wither rural health? Reviewing a decade of progress in rural health Australian Journal of Rural Health 10: 2-14
• Miller, W R and S Rollnick 1991 Stages of change, in Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People to Change Addictive Behaviour N Y : The Guilford Press
• Sitharthan, T , D J Kavanagh, and G Sayer 1996 Moderating drinking by correspondence: An evaluation of a new method of intervention Addiction 91(3): 345-55
• Wakerman, J and Humphreys, J S (2002) Rural health: Why it matters Medical Journal of Australia 176(20 May): 457-8
Access
These articles raise a range of issues related to accessing health care services in rural areas Different perspectives and understandings of the impacts of access are presented
Lecture notes
• Bryson, L & Warner-Smith, P (1998) Choice of GP: Who do young rural women prefer? Australian Journal of Rural Health, 6, 144-49
• Geyman, J P , Hart, G , Norris, T E , Coombs, J B and Lishner, D M (2000) Educating generalist physicians for rural practice: How are we doing? Journal of Rural Health 16(1): 56-80 READ PAGES 73-80 ONLY
• Humphreys, J S and Weinand, H C (1991) Health care preferences in a country town Medical Journal of Australia 154(June): 733-7
• Humphreys, J S , Mathews-Cowey, S and Weinand, H C (1997) Factors in accessibility of General Practice in rural Australia Medical Journal of Australia 166(June): 577-81
• Humphreys, J S , Jones, M P , Jones, J A and Mara, P R (2002) Workforce retention in rural and remote Australia: Determining the factors that influence length of practice Medical Journal of Australia 176(May): 472-77
• Joyce, C , Veitch, C and Crossland, L (2003) Professional and social support networks of rural general practitioners Australian Journal of Rural Health 11: 7-14
• Watts, P R , Dinger, M K , Baldwin, K A , Sisk, R J , Brockschmidt, B A , and McCubbin,
• J E (1999) Accessibility and perceived value of health services in five western Illinois rural communities Journal of Community Health 24(2): 147-57
Overlapping Relationships
These short articles present some of the ethical issues facing rural health practitioners as a result of the complex web of social relationships The focus of these readings is how overlapping relationships and confidentiality impact the care/service provided by rural health professionals
Lecture notes
• Cheng, T L , Savageau, J A , Sattler, A L and DeWitt, T G (1993) Confidentiality in health care: a survey of knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes among high school students Journal of the American Medical Association 269(11): 1404-7
• Glover, J J (2001) Rural bioethical issues of the elderly: How do they differ from urban ones? The Journal of Rural Health 17(4): 332-5
• Hays, R (2002) Complex relationships in rural communities Pp 71-88 in Practising Rural Medicine in Australia Melbourne: Eruditions Publishing
• Judd, F , Cockram, A , Davis, J , Fahey, A , Hodgins, G , Jackson, H and Scopelliti, J (2003) First year of practice visits for the rural depression anxiety research and treatment General Practice Program Australian Journal of Rural Health 11: 175-80
• Purtilo, R and Sorrell, J (1986) The ethical dilemmas of a rural physician Hastings Center Report (August): 24-28
• Scopelliti, J , Judd, F , Grigg, M , Hodgins, G , Fraser, C , Hulbert, C , Endacott, R and Wood, (2004) Dual relationships in mental health practice: issues for clinicians in rural settings Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 38: 953-59
• Ullrich, P M , Lutgendorf, S K and Stapleton, J T (2002) Social constraints and depression in HIV infection: effects of sexual orientation and area of residence Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 21(1): 45-65
Cultural Safety
These readings provide definitions and examples of cultural safety but also encourage you to think about the complexities of cultural safety and barriers to providing a culturally safe practice The importance of cultural safety in rural health is also explained
Lecture notes
• Browne, A J and Fiske, J (2001) First nation’s women’s encounters with mainstream health care services Western Journal of Nursing Research 23(2): 126-47
• Houston, S (2002) Cultural Safety and the Cultural Divide Presentation to the Remote and Indigenous Health Conference, Alice Springs, May
• Kearns, R & Dyck, I (1996) Cultural safety, biculturalism and nursing education in Aotearoa/ New Zealand Health and Social Care in Community 4: 371-374
• Kirkham, S R , Smye, V , Tang, S , Anderson, J , Blue, C , Browne, A , Coles, R , Dyck, I , Henderson, A , Lynam, M J , Perry, J Semeniuk, P and Shapera, L (2002) Rethinking cultural safety while waiting to do fieldwork: methodological implications for research Research in Nursing & Health 25: 222-232
• Polaschek, N R (1998) Cultural safety: a new concept in nursing people of different ethnicities Journal of Advanced Nursing 27: 452-57
• Ralph, S (1997) Working with Aboriginal families Family Matters (Australian Institute of Family Studies 46(Autumn): 46-50
• Williams, R (1999) Cultural safety—what does it mean for our work practice? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 23(2): 213-214
Interprofessional Team Practice
Team work among health providers from a range of disciplines is key to rural practice There is evidence that improved health outcomes result from interdisciplinary team practice These articles provide an overview of issues facing an interprofessional, rural team working in primary health care, including the tendency for medical dominance, especially by senior doctors
Lecture notes
• Bidwell, S and Ross, J (2001) An International Literature Search and Review of Rural Teamwork and Teambuilding Christchurch, New Zealand: Centre for Rural Health (accessed www moh govt nz/crh )
• Canter, R (2001) Patients and medical power BMJ 323(25 Aug): 414
• Gair, G and Hartery, T (2001) Medical dominance in multidisciplinary teamwork: a case study of discharge decision-making in a geriatric assessment unit Journal of Nursing Management 9:3-11
• McCallin, A (2001) Interdisciplinary practice – a matter of teamwork: an integrated literature review Journal of Clinical Nursing 10(4): 419-28
• Humphreys, J S (1997) Reflections on National Rural Health Policy: the big picture framework Australian Journal of Rural Health 5: 48-52
• Ross, J (2001) Dimensions in Team Effectiveness in Rural Health Services Christchurch, New Zealand: Centre for Rural Health (accessed www moh govt nz/crh )
• van Weel (1994) Teamwork The Lancet 344(November 5): 1276-1279
Models of Rural Health Service Delivery
The ways in which rural services are provided stem from different models of health services than in metropolitan areas But these models vary from one rural area to another Examples of models of rural health service delivery are provided
Lecture notes
• Bryant, L and Strasser, R (1999) The delivery of sustainable rural and remote health services Canberra: Regional Australia Summit
• Dade Smith, J (2004) Rural health approaches Chapter 7 in Australia’s Rural and Remote Health: A Social Justice Perspective Melbourne: Tertiary Press
• Doherty, L (2000) New approaches to sexual health services in a rural health board area: involving services users and primary care professionals International Journal of STD and AIDS 11(9): 594-8
• Hodgins, P and Dhu, P (2005) Review of rural health service models Paper from the 6th National Rural Health Conference http://www nrha net au/nrhapublic/publicdocs/conferences/6thnrhc/hodginspaper htm:NationalRuralHealthAlliance
• Rivendell, J (2000) Community care options Pp 1-8 in Innovative Models of Rural Health, Loddon Mallee Region Bendigo: Department of Human Services, Loddon Malley Regional Office